How to Make Both Families Happy During Thanksgiving

Holiday in various countries

"Turkey Day" redirects here. For the Turkish Republic Twenty-four hour period, come across Republic Twenty-four hour period (Turkey).

Thanksgiving Day
A typical North American Thanksgiving dinner
Observed past	Countries Canada Grenada Republic of liberia Saint Lucia United states Sub-national entities Leiden (Netherlands) Norfolk Island (Commonwealth of australia) Territories of the United States
Type	National, cultural
Engagement	second Monday in Oct (Canada) 1st Thursday in November (Republic of liberia) Concluding Wednesday in November (Norfolk Island) 4th Thursday in November (U.Due south. and Brazil)
2022 date	October x, 2022 (Canada); November three, 2022 (Liberia); November xxx, 2022 (Norfolk Isle); Nov 24, 2022 (U.S. and Brazil)
2023 date	October 9, 2023 (Canada); November 2, 2023 (Liberia); November 29, 2023 (Norfolk Isle); November 23, 2023 (U.S. and Brazil)

Thanksgiving is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in the Usa, Canada, Grenada, Saint Lucia, and Liberia. Information technology began every bit a twenty-four hours of giving cheers for the approval of the harvest and of the preceding year. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the 2d Mon of Oct in Canada and on the quaternary Thursday of November in the United states and around the same part of the yr in other places. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated equally a secular vacation as well.

History

Prayers of thank you and special thanksgiving ceremonies are common among most religions after harvests and at other times.^[i] The Thanksgiving holiday's history in North America is rooted in English traditions dating from the Protestant Reformation. It also has aspects of a harvest festival, fifty-fifty though the harvest in New England occurs well earlier the tardily-Nov date on which the modern Thanksgiving holiday is historic.^{[1] [2]}

In the English tradition, days of thanksgiving and special thanksgiving religious services became of import during the English Reformation in the reign of Henry VIII.^[3] Before 1536 in that location were 95 Church holidays, plus 52 Sundays, when people were required to attend church building and forego work. Though the 1536 reforms in the Church building of England reduced the number of holidays in the liturgical calendar to 27, the Puritan party in the Anglican Church wished to eliminate all Church holidays apart from the weekly Lord's Day, including the evangelical feasts of Christmas and Easter (cf. Puritan Sabbatarianism).^[3] The holidays were to be replaced past specially chosen Days of Fasting and Days of Thanksgiving, in response to events that the Puritans viewed as acts of special providence. Unexpected disasters or threats of judgement from on high called for Days of Fasting.^{[four] [3]}

Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving, which were observed through Christian church services and other gatherings.^[3] For example, Days of thanksgiving were called following the victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588 and following the deliverance of Queen Anne in 1605.^[4] An unusual annual Twenty-four hour period of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and adult into Guy Fawkes Twenty-four hours on November 5.^[4] Days of Fasting were called on account of plagues in 1604 and 1622, drought in 1611, and floods in 1613. Annual Thanksgiving prayers were dictated past the charter of English settlers upon their condom landing in America in 1619 at Berkeley Hundred in Virginia.^[v]

In Canada

According to some historians, the first commemoration of Thanksgiving in Due north America occurred during the 1578 voyage of Martin Frobisher from England in search of the Northwest Passage.^[six] Other researchers, withal, state that "in that location is no compelling narrative of the origins of the Canadian Thanksgiving twenty-four hours."^[vii]

Antecedents for Canadian Thanksgiving are besides sometimes traced to the French settlers who came to New French republic in the 17th century, who historic their successful harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the stop of the harvest season. They connected throughout the winter season, even sharing food with the indigenous peoples of the area.^[8]

As settlers arrived in Nova Scotia from New England after 1700, late autumn Thanksgiving celebrations became commonplace. New immigrants into the country—such as the Irish, Scottish, and Germans—as well added their own traditions to the harvest celebrations. Most of the U.Due south. aspects of Thanksgiving (such as the turkey) were incorporated when United Empire Loyalists began to flee from the United States during and after the American Revolution and settled in Canada.^[8]

In 1859, the government of the Provinces of Canada declared a Thanksgiving Day in which "all Canadians [were asked] to spend the holiday in 'public and solemn' recognition of God'southward mercies."^[9] On 9 Oct 1879, Canada'south Governor Full general, the Marquis of Lorne, declared November half-dozen as "a twenty-four hour period of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed."^[9] The Canadian Parliament on 31 January 1957 applied the same language in its annunciation for the modern vacation: "A Mean solar day of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed—to exist observed on the 2d Mon in Oct."^[x]

In the Us

The annual Thanksgiving holiday tradition in the Usa is documented at its earliest in 1619, in what is at present called the Democracy of Virginia. Thirty-eight English settlers aboard the ship Margaret arrived by way of the James River at Berkeley Hundred in Charles City Canton, Virginia on Dec four, 1619. The landing was immediately followed by a religious commemoration, specifically dictated past the group's charter from the London Company. The lease declared, "that the day of our ships arrival at the identify assigned for plantation in the land of Virginia shall be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God."^{[xi] [5]} Since the mid 20th century, the original celebration has been commemorated there annually now-twenty-four hours Berkeley Plantation, ancestral home of the Harrison family.^[12]

The more familiar Thanksgiving precedent is traced to the Pilgrims and Puritans who emigrated from England in the 1620s and 1630s. They brought their previous tradition of Days of Fasting and Days of Thanksgiving with them to New England. The 1621 Plymouth, Massachusetts thanksgiving was prompted by a good harvest. The Pilgrims celebrated this with the Wampanoags, a tribe of Native Americans who, along with the last surviving Patuxet, had helped them go through the previous wintertime by giving them nutrient in that fourth dimension of scarcity, in exchange for an brotherhood and protection against the rival Narragansett tribe.^[13]

Several days of Thanksgiving were held in early New England history that have been identified as the "Commencement Thanksgiving", including Pilgrim holidays in Plymouth in 1621 and 1623, and a Puritan vacation in Boston in 1631.^{[fourteen] [15]} According to historian Jeremy Bangs, managing director of the Leiden American Pilgrim Museum, the Pilgrims may have been influenced by watching the annual services of Thanksgiving for the relief of the siege of Leiden in 1574, while they were staying in Leiden.^[xvi] At present called Oktober Feest, Leiden's autumn thanksgiving celebration in 1617 was the occasion for sectarian disturbance that appears to have accelerated the pilgrims' plans to immigrate to America.^[17]

Later in New England, religious thanksgiving services were declared past ceremonious leaders such every bit Governor Bradford, who planned the Plymouth colony'southward thanksgiving celebration and feast in 1623.^{[eighteen] [xix] [20]} Bradford issued a annunciation of Thanksgiving following victory in the Pequot War in the tardily 1630s to celebrate "the encarmine victory, thanking God that the battle had been won."^{[21] [22]} The practice of holding an annual harvest festival did not become a regular affair in New England until the late 1660s.^[23]

Thanksgiving proclamations were made generally by church leaders in New England upward until 1682, and then by both state and church leaders until after the American Revolution. During the revolutionary flow, political influences affected the issuance of Thanksgiving proclamations. Various proclamations were made by royal governors, and conversely by patriot leaders, such every bit John Hancock, General George Washington, and the Continental Congress,^[24] each giving thanks to God for events favorable to their causes.^[25] Equally President of the United states of america, George Washington proclaimed the starting time nationwide thanksgiving commemoration in America marking November 26, 1789, "as a 24-hour interval of public thanksgiving and prayer, to exist observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many and signal favours of Omnipotent God",^[26] and calling on Americans to "unite in virtually humbly offering our prayers and supplications to the great Lord and Ruler of Nations and beseech him to pardon our national and other transgressions."^[27]

Debate over first celebrations

Shrine of the first U.S. Thanksgiving in 1619 at Berkeley Hundred in Charles City Canton, Virginia

Devotees in New England and Virginia and other places have maintained contradictory claims to having held the offset Thanksgiving commemoration in what became the United States. The question is complicated by the concept of Thanksgiving every bit either a holiday celebration or a religious service. James Bakery maintains, "The American holiday's truthful origin was the New England Calvinist Thanksgiving. Never coupled with a Sabbath coming together, the Puritan observances were special days set up bated during the week for thanksgiving and praise in response to God'due south providence."^[14] Bakery calls the debate a "storm in a beanpot" and "marvelous nonsense" based on regional claims.^[xiv]

In 1963, President John F. Kennedy acknowledged both the Virginia and Massachusetts claims. Kennedy issued Proclamation 3560 on November 5, 1963, stating, "Over three centuries ago, our forefathers in Virginia and in Massachusetts, far from dwelling house in a lone wilderness, set aside a time of thanksgiving. On the appointed day, they gave reverent thank you for their safety, for the health of their children, for the fertility of their fields, for the love which leap them together, and for the faith which united them with their God."^[28]

Other claims include an earlier religious service past Spanish explorers in Texas at San Elizario in 1598.^[29] Historians Robyn Gioia and Michael Gannon of the University of Florida argue that the primeval Thanksgiving service in what is now the Us was celebrated by the Castilian community on September 8, 1565, in current Saint Augustine, Florida.^{[30] [31]}

Fixing a date

Canada

The earlier Thanksgiving celebrations in Canada has been attributed to the earlier onset of winter in the Northward, thus ending the harvest flavour earlier.^[32] Thanksgiving in Canada did not have a fixed engagement until the late 19th century. Prior to Canadian Confederation, many of the private colonial governors of the Canadian provinces had declared their own days of Thanksgiving. The start official Canadian Thanksgiving occurred on April 15, 1872, when the nation was celebrating the Prince of Wales' recovery from a serious disease.^[32]

By the cease of the 19th century, Thanksgiving Day was normally celebrated on November 6. In the late 19th century, the Militia staged "sham battles" for public entertainment on Thanksgiving Day. The Militia agitated for an before appointment for the holiday, so they could use the warmer weather to draw bigger crowds.^[33] However, when the Starting time Globe State of war ended, the Armistice Solar day holiday was unremarkably held during the same week. To forbid the two holidays from clashing with i some other, in 1957 the Canadian Parliament proclaimed Thanksgiving to be observed on its present appointment on the second Mon of October.^[eight]

Us

Thanksgiving in the United States has been observed on differing dates. From the time of the Founding Fathers until the fourth dimension of Lincoln, the date of observance varied from state to state. The last Thursday in Nov had become the customary appointment in most U.S. states past the beginning of the 19th century, coinciding with, and eventually superseding the holiday of Evacuation Day (commemorating the twenty-four hour period the British exited the U.s. later on the Revolutionary State of war).^[34] Mod Thanksgiving was proclaimed for all states in 1863 by Abraham Lincoln. Influenced by Sarah Josepha Unhurt, who wrote messages to politicians for approximately forty years advocating an official holiday, Lincoln set national Thanksgiving by proclamation for the concluding Thursday in November in celebration of the bounties that had continued to autumn on the Union and for the military successes in the war, also calling on the American people, "with humble penitence for our national perverseness and disobedience .. fervently implore the interposition of the Omnipotent hand to heal the wounds of the nation..."^[35] Because of the ongoing Civil War, a nationwide Thanksgiving celebration was not realized until Reconstruction was completed in the 1870s.

On October 31, 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a presidential declaration changing the holiday to the next to final Thursday in November in an effort to heave the economic system.^[36] The earlier date created an extra seven days for Christmas shopping since at that time retailers never began promoting the Christmas season until subsequently Thanksgiving. Just the late notice wreaked havoc on the holiday schedules of many people, schools, and businesses, and most Americans were not in favor of the modify. Some of those who opposed dubbed the holiday "Franksgiving" that year. Some state governors went forth with the change while others stuck with the original November 30 appointment for the holiday, and three states - Colorado, Mississippi, and Texas - observed both dates.^[37] The double Thanksgiving continued for two more years, and and so on Dec 26, 1941, Roosevelt signed a joint resolution of Congress irresolute the official national Thanksgiving Day to the fourth Thursday in Nov starting in 1942.^[38]

Since 1971, when the American Uniform Monday Holiday Deed took effect, the American observance of Columbus Mean solar day has coincided with the Canadian observance of Thanksgiving.^{[39] [40]}

Observance

Commonwealth of australia

In the Australian external territory of Norfolk Isle, Thanksgiving is historic on the last Wed of Nov, similar to the pre–World War Ii American observance on the concluding Th of the month. This ways the Norfolk Island observance is the day before or half dozen days later the United States' observance. The holiday was brought to the island by visiting American whaling ships.^[41]

Brazil

In Brazil, National Thanksgiving Day was instituted by President Gaspar Dutra, through Law 781 of August 17, 1949, at the proposition of Ambassador Joaquim Nabuco, who was enthusiastic almost the commemorations he saw in 1909 in St. Patrick'due south Cathedral equally an ambassador in Washington. In 1966, Law 5110 established that the Thanksgiving celebration would take place on the fourth Th of November.^[42] This date is historic by many families of American origin, by some Protestant Christian denominations, such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil (which is of American origin), the Presbyterian Church, the Baptist Church, the Methodist Church, and the Church building of the Nazarene, and Methodist denominational universities. The day is also historic by evangelical churches such as the Foursquare Gospel Church building in Brazil.

Canada

Pumpkin pie is commonly served on and around Thanksgiving in N America.

Thanksgiving (French: l'Action de grâce), occurring on the second Monday in October, is an annual Canadian vacation to give cheers at the shut of the harvest season. Although the original deed of Parliament references God and the holiday is historic in churches, the holiday is mostly celebrated in a secular manner. Thanksgiving is a statutory vacation in all provinces in Canada, except for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. While businesses may remain open in these provinces, the holiday is nonetheless recognized and celebrated regardless of its status.^{[43] [44] [45] [46] [47]}

Grenada

In the West Indian island of Grenada, in the Caribbean, there is a national holiday known as Thanksgiving Day which is historic on October 25. Fifty-fifty though it bears the same name, and is celebrated at roughly the aforementioned time as the American and Canadian versions of Thanksgiving, this vacation is unrelated to either of those celebrations. Instead, the holiday marks the ceremony of the U.S.-led invasion of the island in 1983, in response to the deposition and execution of the socialist Grenadian Prime number Minister Maurice Bishop^[48] by a military authorities from inside his own political party.

Liberia

In the West African state of Liberia, Thanksgiving is historic on the first Thursday of Nov.^[49] In 1883, the Legislature of Liberia enacted a statute declaring this day every bit a national holiday.^[50] Thanksgiving is celebrated in the state in big part due to the nation's founding equally a colony of the American Colonization Club in 1821 by former slaves and free people of color from the United States. All the same, the Liberian celebration of the vacation is notably different from the American celebration. While some Liberian families chose to celebrate with a banquet or cook out, it is non considered a staple of the vacation and at that place is no specific food heavily associated with Thanksgiving. Some chose to gloat the holiday by attending religious ceremonies, while others take it as a day for relaxation. Others view the holiday as an imposition from the American settlers of the country. In the years following the 2d ceremonious war, some Liberians have taken the vacation as a time to be thankful for this new menstruation peace and relative stability.^{[51] [52]}

Netherlands

Many of the Pilgrims who migrated to the Plymouth Plantation resided in the metropolis of Leiden from 1609 to 1620 and had recorded their births, marriages, and deaths at the Pieterskerk (St. Peter's church). In celebration, a not-denominational Thanksgiving 24-hour interval service is held each year on the morning time of the American Thanksgiving Day in the Pieterskerk, a Gothic church in Leiden, noting the hospitality the Pilgrims received in Leiden on their manner to the New World.^[53]

Thanksgiving is observed by orthodox Protestant churches in the Netherlands on the kickoff Wednesday in November (Dankdag ^[nl]). It is not a public holiday. Those who discover the twenty-four hour period either go to church in the evening or take the 24-hour interval off and go to church in the morn (and occasionally afternoon) too.

Philippines

The Philippines, while it was an American colony in the beginning one-half of the 20th century, celebrated Thanksgiving as a special public holiday on the same day every bit the Americans. During the Japanese occupation during World War II, both the Americans and Filipinos celebrated Thanksgiving in secret. Later on Japanese withdrawal in 1945, the tradition continued until 1969. It was revived past President Ferdinand Marcos, only the date was changed to exist on every September 21, when martial law was imposed in the country. After Marcos' ouster in 1986, the tradition was no longer continued, due to the controversial events that occurred during his long administration.^[54]

As of 2022, Thanksgiving has been revived as a commercial and cultural holiday, albeit stripped of its official status. SM Supermalls led the style in the deadening revival of Thanksgiving Twenty-four hour period on the same day as in the U.S., every bit in the old days. Many malls and hotels offering special sales on this 24-hour interval, which is part of the long commemoration of Christmas in the Philippines, which begins in September (unlike on Black Friday in the United States).

Rwanda

Chosen Umuganura Mean solar day, this is a Thanksgiving festival to marker the starting time of the harvest in Rwanda. It is celebrated on the first Fri of Baronial.^[55]

Saint Lucia

The nation of Saint Lucia celebrates Thanksgiving on the first Monday in October.^[56]

The states

Thanksgiving, celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November since 1941 due to federal legislation, has been an annual tradition in the United States by presidential declaration since 1863 and by state legislation since the Founding Fathers of the United states. Traditionally, Thanksgiving has been a celebration of the blessings of the twelvemonth, including the harvest.^[57] On Thanksgiving Day, information technology is mutual for Americans to share a family repast, nourish church services, and view special sporting events.^[58] In addition, Thanksgiving is celebrated in public places with parades such as Macy's Thanksgiving Parade^[59] in New York City, ABC Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Twenty-four hour period Parade^[60] in Philadelphia, America's Hometown Thanksgiving Parade in Plymouth, Massachusetts, McDonald's Thanksgiving Parade in Chicago, and Bayou Archetype Thanksgiving Parade^[61] in New Orleans. What Americans telephone call the "Holiday Season" mostly begins with Thanksgiving.^[62] The first mean solar day after Thanksgiving Day—Black Friday—marks the start of the Christmas shopping flavour.^[63]

Similarly named holidays

Germany

A food ornamentation for Erntedankfest, a Christian Thanksgiving harvest festival historic in Germany

The Harvest Thanksgiving Festival, Erntedankfest, is a popular High german Christian festival on the starting time Sunday of October. The festival has a significant religious component, and many churches are decorated with autumn crops. In some places, there are religious processions or parades. Many Bavarian beer festivals, like the Munich Oktoberfest, take place inside the vicinity of Erntedankfest. ^{[ original inquiry? ]}

Japan

Labor Thanksgiving Solar day ( 勤労感謝の日 , Kinrō Kansha no How-do-you-do ) is a national holiday in Japan. Information technology takes place annually on November 23. The constabulary establishing the holiday, which was adopted during the American occupation after World War Ii, cites it equally an occasion for commemorating labor and production and giving each other thanks. It has roots in the ancient Shinto harvest anniversary (Niiname-sai ( 新嘗祭 )).

Britain

The Harvest Festival of Thanksgiving does not have an official date in the United Kingdom; however, it is traditionally held on or near the Lord's day of the harvest moon that occurs closest to the autumnal equinox. Harvest Thanksgiving in Britain also has pre-Christian roots when the Saxons would offer the first sheaf of barley, oats, or wheat to fertility gods. When the harvest was finally nerveless, communities would come together for a harvest supper.^[64] When Christianity arrived in Britain many traditions remained, and today the Harvest Festival is marked by churches and schools in late September/early October (same every bit Canada) with singing, praying and decorating with baskets of food and fruit to celebrate a successful harvest and to give cheers.^[65] Collections of nutrient are usually held which are then given to local charities which assist the homeless and those in need.

See as well

• Cyber Mon
• List of harvest festivals
• List of films ready around Thanksgiving
• Thanksgiving Parade

Citations

1. ^ ^{a b} Hodgson 2006, pp. 156–59.
2. ^ Baker 2009a, Chapter 1, esp. pp. 12–15.
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Forbes, Bruce David (Oct 27, 2015). America's Favorite Holidays: Candid Histories. Academy of California Press. p. 155. ISBN978-0-520-28472-2. Prior to Henry VIII, England observed 147 religious holidays throughout the year, including Sundays. That might audio good, because they were days off piece of work, but they were also days without pay, and church building attendance was mandatory. The huge number of special days interfered with the full general economic system and completion of vital tasks such as harvests. So much idle time likewise provided occasions for troublesome public beliefs. For both practical and religious reasons Henry VIII reduced the number of festival days other than Sundays to twenty-seven, but for some Puritans that still left too many. They argued that Sundays were plenty, that vital Christian themes were lifted up on Sundays, and that all other holy days were unjustified Cosmic additions. However, Puritans did participate in occasional days of fasting and days of thanksgiving, sometimes declared by the Church of England but developed fifty-fifty farther by the Puritans. ... A day of thanksgiving might be declared to gloat and give thanks God for item military victory, or good health following a wave of disease, or an especially bountiful harvest that saved people from starvation. ... The annual days of thanksgiving consisted mainly of worship services and family dinners, and this was repeated over the years.
4. ^ ^{a b c} Bakery 2009a, pp. ane–14.
5. ^ ^{a b} Dowdy, Clifford (1957). The Slap-up Plantation. Rinehart and Co. pp. 29–37.
6. ^ Mills, David; Neilson Bonikowsky, Laura; McIntosh, Andrew. "Thanksgiving in Canada". Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
7. ^ Kaufman, Jason Andrew (2009). The Origins of Canadian & American Political Differences. Harvard University Press. p. 29. ISBN978-0674031364.
8. ^ ^{a b c} Solski, Ruth "Canada's Traditions and Celebrations" McGill-Queen'due south Press,ISBN 1550356941 p. 12
9. ^ ^{a b} Duncan, Dorothy (September xvi, 2006). Canadians at Table: Nutrient, Fellowship, and Sociology: A Culinary History of Canada. Dundurn. ISBN978-1-77070-235-6.
10. ^ Kelch, Kalie (August 27, 2013). Grab Your Boarding Pass. Review & Herald Publishing Clan. ISBN978-0-8127-5654-8.
11. ^ "The First Thanksgiving". National Geographic. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
12. ^ Woodlief, H. Graham. "History of the First Thanksgiving". Berkeley Plantation. Retrieved Nov 23, 2021.
13. ^ Julian S, The Boston Globe. "HISTORY IS SERVED". chicagotribune.com.
14. ^ ^{a b c} Baker 2009a, Chapter 1.
15. ^ Alvin J. Schmidt (2004). How Christianity Changed the World. Zondervan. ISBN9780310264491 . Retrieved January 30, 2012. Their leader, Governor William Bradford, issued a formal announcement commanding the people to give thanks to God for having received divine protection during a terrible wintertime and for having received their first harvest. It was likewise new that the Pilgrims historic their thanksgiving by eating wild turkey (an ethnic bird) and venison.
16. ^ Jeremy Bangs. "Influences". The Pilgrims' Leiden. Archived from the original on January thirteen, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
17. ^ Bunker, Nick (2010). Making Haste From Babylon: the Mayflower Pilgrims and Their World. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 220–21. ISBN9780307386267.
18. ^ Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620–1647, pp. 120–21.
19. ^ Bradford, History of Plymouth Plantation, pp. 135–42.
20. ^ The fast and thanksgiving days of New England by William DeLoss Love, Houghton, Mifflin and Co., Cambridge, 1895
21. ^ "6 Thanksgiving Myths and the Wampanoag Side of the Story". IndianCountryToday.com . Retrieved September 20, 2020.
22. ^ ESTES, NICK. (2020). OUR HISTORY IS THE FUTURE : continuing rock versus the dakota access pipeline, and the long ... tradition of indigenous resistance. VERSO. ISBN978-1-78873-729-6. OCLC 1132241121.
23. ^ Kaufman, Jason Andrew (2009). The origins of Canadian and American political differences. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 28. ISBN978-0674031364.
24. ^ Klos, Stanley. "Thanksgiving 24-hour interval Proclamations". Presidential Thanksgiving Proclamations. Historic.u.s.. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
25. ^ Hodgson 2006, pp. 159–66.
26. ^ Hodgson 2006, p. 167.
27. ^ "Thanksgiving Proclamation, 3 October 1789". George Washington Papers. Library of Congress. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
28. ^ "John F. Kennedy 35th President, Thanksgiving Proclamation, November. v, 1963". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved Nov 24, 2016.
29. ^ C. Michael Hogan (2011). Thanksgiving. Eds. Cutler Cleveland & Peter Saundry. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Surroundings. Washington DC
30. ^ Wilson, Craig (Nov 21, 2007). "Florida teacher chips away at Plymouth Stone Thanksgiving myth". Usatoday.com. Retrieved September five, 2011.
31. ^ Davis, Kenneth C. (November 25, 2008). "A French Connectedness". The New York Times . Retrieved September 5, 2011.
32. ^ ^{a b} Kaufman, Jason Andrew (2009). "The origins of Canadian and American political differences" Harvard Academy Press, ISBN 0674031369 p. 29
33. ^ Woods, James "Militia Myths: Ideas of the Canadian Citizen Soldier, 1896-1921." UBC Press, 2010 ISBN 978-0-7748-1765-3 p.30
34. ^ "Evacuation Mean solar day: New York's Sometime November Holiday". November 24, 2014. Retrieved Apr 5, 2019.
35. ^ "Thanksgiving Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln". www.abrahamlincolnonline.org . Retrieved October 30, 2018.
36. ^ "31 Oct 1939, Folio 1 - Green Bay Printing-Gazette at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com.
37. ^ Ronald K. Shafer (November 24, 2021). "Franklin Roosevelt moved Thanksgiving upward a week to goose the economy. Anarchy ensued". The Washington Post.
38. ^ "Congress Establishes Thanksgiving". National Archives. August 15, 2016.
39. ^ "LBJ Signs Bill to Set up 5 three-Day Holidays". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. June 29, 1968. Retrieved December 6, 2011. The neb became the Uniform Mon Holiday Deed.
40. ^ "Text of the 1968 Compatible Monday Vacation Act". U.s.a. Authorities Athenaeum (www.athenaeum.gov). Retrieved December half dozen, 2011.
41. ^ "Norfolk Isle Information and Services". Archived from the original on September 20, 2010.
42. ^ "Dia Nacional de Ações de Graças". Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved November 29, 2019.
43. ^ "Statutory Holidays". WorkRights.ca. Archived from the original on December xviii, 2010. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
44. ^ "Thanksgiving – is information technology a Statutory Vacation?". Government of Nova Scotia. Retrieved October thirteen, 2008.
45. ^ "Statutes, Chapter E-6.2" (PDF). Regime of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved Oct 13, 2008.
46. ^ "RSNL1990 Affiliate L-2 – Labour Standards Act". Associates of Newfoundland. Retrieved Oct 13, 2008.
47. ^ "Statutory Holidays" (PDF). Ministry of Human Resource and Social Evolution, Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 29, 2008.
48. ^ "Public Holidays & Events 2017". GOV.gd. October 12, 2016. Retrieved Apr 17, 2017.
49. ^ "Vice President Boakai Joins Cosmic Community in Bomi to Celebrate Thanksgiving Day". The Executive Mansion. Republic of Liberia. Nov 5, 2010. Retrieved Oct 5, 2014.
50. ^ "Ellen declares Thursday, ii November as National Thanksgiving Twenty-four hour period". The New Dawn Republic of liberia. Nov i, 2017. Retrieved December two, 2021.
51. ^ Hallett, Vicky (November 24, 2021). "Former slaves brought Thanksgiving to Liberia — and rebooted it". NPR. Retrieved Dec 2, 2021.
52. ^ "Thanksgiving In Republic of liberia". NPR. November 28, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2021.
53. ^ "Dutch town". The Earth (radio program) . Retrieved Nov 28, 2008. The Pilgrims arrived in Leiden in 1609, after fleeing religious persecution in England. Leiden welcomed them because it needed immigrants to help rebuild its textile industry, which had been devastated past a long revolt against Spain. Here, the Pilgrims were allowed to worship equally they wanted, and they even published their arguments calling for the separation of church and state. Jeremy Bangs of the Leiden American Pilgrim Museum says the Pilgrims quickly adopted Dutch customs like civil wedlock and Thanksgiving.
54. ^ "Thanksgiving in the Philippines". Philippine Presidential Museum and Library . Retrieved November 27, 2015.
55. ^ "Umuganura Day in Rwanda in 2020". Office Holidays . Retrieved Apr 26, 2020.
56. ^ "Saint Lucia's List of Holidays for the Year 2015" (PDF). Stluciachamber.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 14, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
57. ^ "Thanksgiving Day". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved November 25, 2011.
58. ^ Counihan, Carole (October xviii, 2013). Food in the USA: A Reader. Routledge. p. 5. ISBN978-1-135-32359-two. Football games are scheduled and televised throughout the nation; an elaborately constructed, now traditional Macy's parade may be viewed. In that location are special services, which some nourish, and turkeys and other foods are given by churches and other charitable organizations to the poor.
59. ^ "Macy's Thanksgiving Solar day Parade". Retrieved April 5, 2019.
60. ^ "6ABC THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE". Retrieved Apr five, 2019.
61. ^ "Bayou Classic". Retrieved April 5, 2019.
62. ^ Hargis, Toni (Nov 4, 2013). "A Brit's Guide to the Holiday Season". BBC America.
63. ^ "When is Thanksgiving Twenty-four hours and why is information technology celebrated". November 22, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
64. ^ "Harvest Festival UK". Crewsnest.vispa.com . Retrieved Apr 17, 2017.
65. ^ "Harvest Festival". resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015 – via projectbritain.com.

Sources

• Baker, James West. (2009). Thanksgiving: The Biography of an American Holiday. UPNE. ISBN978-1-58465-801-six.
• Bangs, Jeremy D. "Thanksgiving on the Cyberspace: Roast Bull with Cranberry Sauce". Canvas 1620. Social club of Mayflower Descendants in the Democracy of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved Oct 23, 2012.
• Colman, Penny (2008). Thanksgiving: The True Story. Macmillan. p. 149. ISBN978-0805082296.
• Dow, Judy; Slapin, Beverly (June 12, 2006). "Deconstructing the Myths of "The First Thanksgiving"". Oyate.org. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
• Hillstrom, Laurie Collier (2007). The Thanksgiving book: a companion to the holiday roofing its history, lore, ... Omnigraphics. p. 328. ISBN978-0780804036.
• Hodgson, Godfrey (2006). A Dandy and Godly Run a risk; The Pilgrims and the Myth of the Beginning Thanksgiving . New York: Public Diplomacy. p. 212. ISBN978-1586483739.

External links

• Thanksgiving at Curlie

ibarrathinscir.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving

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